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51.
Jian Zhou Zegang Wang Zhiwei Huang Chao Lu Zhuo Han Jianfeng Zhang Huimin Jiang Cailin Ge Juncheng Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(3):650-661
The responses of sulfur (S) uptake assimilation-related genes' expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium (Cd), bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) and their co-contamination (Cd+BSM) were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd+BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd+BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd+BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd+BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd+BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), glutathione synthase (GS) and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2+. It is suggested that (to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination) the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances. 相似文献
52.
Hong Zhao Yunshan Ge Tiezhu Zhang Jipeng Zhang Jianwei Tan Hongxin Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(10):2027-2033
The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound(VOC), carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle(ESC) to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter(FBC–DPF). An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity(SR) with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent(BaPeq) with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions. 相似文献
53.
饮用水源地的水华现象近年来在世界各地不断爆发,给人类饮水安全造成极大的威胁。本文通过检测微囊藻毒素和三卤甲烷类物质,利用急性暴露安全阈值(浓度)计算模型,计算出了各自的急性暴露安全阅值,并对健康风险进行了评价。 相似文献
54.
两种喹诺酮类抗生素对亚心形扁藻的毒性效应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了恩诺沙星和盐酸环丙沙星两种喹诺酮类抗生素对亚心形扁藻的毒理学效应。经多组不同浓度的两种抗生素处理后,分别对扁藻的96EC50、叶绿素和胞外聚合物(EPS)进行分析。结果表明,两种抗生素在低浓度时对扁藻生长具有促进作用,而在高浓度时体现抑制毒性作用。高浓度时,抗生素浓度越高对扁藻的生长、叶绿素和胞外聚合物抑制效果越明显,但当浓度达到一定高度后,抑制会达到其阈值。恩诺沙星和盐酸环丙沙星对扁藻的半生长抑制率分别为19.8 mg/L和28.7 mg/L。 相似文献
55.
56.
选取4种溶剂(水、乙醇、正己烷、水-乙醇共溶济)作为污泥热液化制取生物质油的溶剂,分析溶剂种类和反应温度对热液化效果和生物质油性质的影响.结果表明:相同温度下,生物质油产率随溶剂种类变化趋势为:乙醇水-乙醇共溶剂正己烷水,最高产率为54.82%(乙醇溶剂,240℃).污泥有机物转化率随溶剂种类变化趋势为:水-乙醇共溶剂乙醇水正己烷,最高有机物转化率为96.40%(水-乙醇共溶剂,330℃).污泥经热液化处理后,碳、氢、氮、硫元素在生物质油中富集,氧含量下降,热值36 MJ·kg-1(乙醇、240℃除外).不同溶剂油成分差别较大,采用水或正己烷,产物主要是脂肪酸类、烷烃及部分酰胺和腈类,采用乙醇或水-乙醇共溶剂,产物主要是酯类、烷烃类.生物质油沸点集中分布在250~500℃,添加乙醇溶剂可显著提高生物质油轻组分含量. 相似文献
57.
本文重点关注对盾构隧道的纵向地震响应分析方法的研究,提出了一种简化的动力有限元分析方法。这种方法采纳了响应位移法的一些基本思想,采用和响应位移法一样的环梁和土弹簧模型,但采用动力有限元法来评估地基地震动,而摒弃了响应位移法中采用的地基振动为谐波形式的假定。与响应位移法相比,简化动力有限元法能够提高地基震动的计算精度,从而提高结构响应的计算精度;而与三维连续模型相比,新方法的计算规模小得多,从而能够大幅提高计算效率。然后,本文分别采用相应位移法和新提出的简化动力有限元法,对武汉长江隧道盾构段隧道进行了纵向地震响应分析,并对这2种方法计算结果的差异进行了分析。 相似文献
58.
Fu-Sheng Liu Zhuo Li Shi-Tao Yu Xiao Cui Cong-Xia Xie Xiao-Ping Ge 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(3):208-211
Alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) in a solvent in which PC can substantially dissolve such
as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and so on were studied. Reaction conditions were optimized for the purpose
of recycling PC in the form of bisphenol A and carbon carbonate. The results showed that both the methanolysis and hydrolysis
of PC could take place under moderate conditions. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 40 °C, m(PC):m(MeOH) = 1:1,
m(PC):m(NaOH) = 50:1, reaction time 35 min and using tetrahydrofuran as solvent, the methanolysis conversion of PC was almost
100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 95%. Moreover, under the conditions of reaction temperature 100 °C, m(PC):m(H2O) = 1:0.7, m(PC):m(NaOH) = 10:1, reaction time 8 h and using 1,4-dioxane as solvent, the hydrolysis conversion of PC was
almost 100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 94%. 相似文献
59.
Jie Liu Junjun Ma Weizhang Zhong Jianrui Niu Zaixing Li Xiaoju Wang Ge Shen Chun Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):51
60.
汶川地震灾区位于青藏高原东缘,该地区云雨天气较多,光学遥感受制约较大,而微波能够穿透云、雾、小雨等,且不受太阳光线的影响,雷达遥感具有全天时、全天候的特点,因而可以弥补光学遥感的不足。根据房屋受地震破坏后影响雷达回波强度,在雷达影像上表现为亮度及纹理不同的原理,本论文利用不同分辨率的COSMO-SkyMed和Radarsat等SAR数据,将其与震前的SPOT影像进行配准后,通过纹理分析等处理,对都江堰市区、北川县城曲山镇等受灾较为严重的城镇进行分析解译,利用雷达影像判读出倒塌房屋的信息,以及地震次生山地灾害对城镇的破坏。 相似文献